• Philosophical differences between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists
  • Hamilton vs Jefferson dynamic
  • Economic differences (agrarian vs industrial)
  • North vs South (sectionalism)
  • Foreign policy
    • England/Europe vs Napoleon

• Establishes a dignified office that was independent
• Worried about federal power vs insuring individual liberty
• First cabinet shows balance
  • Secretary of Treasury - Hamilton
  • Secretary of State - Jefferson

Events

• Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
  • Byproduct of Hamilton’s tax plan
  • Foil to Shay’s rebellion
• Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
  • Washington makes a proclamation that the United States will stay neutral in the war between England and France
• Citizen Genêt Affair (1793)
  • Charles Genêt wanted to promote war against England & Spain
  • Washington let Genêt stay in the US instead of stopping him; shows grace

Election of 1796

• Bitter party politics
• Feds led by Hamilton plant own destruction
  • Hamilton divides the Feds
  • Allows Jefferson to win the vice presidency
  • Executive Branch split Fed/Republic

XYZ Affair

• The Jay Treaty - pro England
• Quasi naval way with France
• US representatives humiliated by French government
• Feds want war, but Adams resists

1798 - Alien + Sedition Acts

• No war, but let’s appease Hamilton
• Limited free speech, reduced allowed immigration, limited free press
  • Attacks 1st amendment
• Aimed at Jeffersonians squarely (bad)

• Adams bid for a-election vs. Jefferson + Burr.
• Feds. still divided, Hamilton wants to punish Adams.
  • Also, save America from Jeffersonianism
• Problem — Electoral college didn’t work
  • Jefferson / Burr tied at 73
  • Went to the house, 36 votes later, Hamilton breaks the tie for Jefferson
  • Hamilton hated Jefferson, but he feared Burr.

  Impacts

  • Jeffersonian take-over of the Executive / Legislature branches
  • Feds are dead
  • 12th amendment added
  • Burr kills Hamilton

Jeffersonian Society

• Self-confident, assertive, blatantly racist, no regard for social class.
• Sectionalism ↑
  • Words “northerner” & “southerner” emerge

Jefferson as President

• Hugely informal
• Never veto’d a thing

Goals

• Repeal alien + Sedition
• Reduce the size and cost of the federal government
  • Military size was cut in half
• International peace

1803 - Louisiana Purchase

• Louisiana Territory was acquired for $15 million from France; bypasses congress
• Establishes the United States as a continental empire
  • Leads to future problems, too

Problems for Jefferson

• First term super successful, second term was lacking.
• 1801 - 1805 → Undeclared naval war with North African Barbary pirates
• “Quids” → Extremist Jeffersonians emerge (T.Sepp’s party divides)
• Yazoo land fraud
• 1804 → Aaron Burr shoots Hamilton

Ending the International Slave Trade

• Politically, no one’s happy
• Domestically, it increases chattel slavery. 😟

1807 - The Embargo Act

• Against England
• Predictably divides the nation
• Economic recession due to the embargo, especially hard in the North

⭐ 1805 - Marbury v. Madison

• Establishes judicial review (their greatest power)

I could beat Up Jefferson in a fight. Might have some creative combos tho, Diff: 6/10 -J

could you beat up Washington

No. no i could not. 10/10 diff -J

“Geography of reality and the geography of hope were clashing.” - Funny history lad

• For Madison, being president was duty
• Political genius; lacked leadership traits
• Federalists resist, anti-embargo

War of 1812

• Madison oddly declared war
• Jeffersonianism leaves
• ⭐ Turning point; US political leadership changes
  • Non-founding leaders (war hawks → Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun)
• Andrew Jackson becomes the star

• The last of the Virginia dynasty
• Secretary of state, military officer
• Not as sharp as Jefferson or Madison

1823 - Monroe Doctrine

• Nationalism applied to foreign policy
• Latin America gains independence; we tell Europe to stay away or else
• If Europe interfered, we would fight them.